Trauma

BRIEF SUMMARY

Trauma is an emotional response to a terrible event like an accident, rape or natural disaster. Immediately after the event, shock and denial are typical. Longer term reactions include unpredictable emotions, flashbacks, strained relationships and even physical symptoms like headaches or nausea. While these feelings are normal, some people have difficulty moving on with their lives.

Schools have an important role in decreasing the impact of a traumatic event on a child. Children spend the majority of their day in school where caring adults are available to help them. Educators can help children by providing the structure of a usual routine, providing a safe place to share concerns, being sensitive to cues in the environment that may trigger a traumatic response, and providing additional supports.

KEY POINTS

• Trauma can have a lasting impact. Childhood trauma can increase the risk for psychological, behavioral or emotional problems (depression or PTSD), substance abuse, low occupational attainment or academic failure, social maladjustment and poor medical health.
• If a child perceives the event as threatening, there is an increased likelihood that the child will be traumatized. These threat perceptions are influenced by (1) the nature of the crisis event itself, (2) crisis exposure, (3) relationships with crisis victims, (4) adult reactions to the trauma, and (5) a variety of individual/personal vulnerability factors.

SHARED WISDOM

• Trauma Resources (from Counselor Talk, November 2018)
• Trauma Screening Using ACES (from Counselor Talk, November 2018)
• Training for Trauma Informed classrooms (from Counselor Talk, January 2018):
  • Our school is currently using the Lilly grant to become a trauma-certified school. We have been working with Starr Global’s National Institute for Trauma and Loss in Children. They are located in Michigan but will travel to your school to do on-site trainings. They also have online-trainings that our staff have done and enjoyed as well. Erin Good-Whiteford, Southeast Neighborhood School of Excellence, Indianapolis, egood@senseindy.org
  • Lori Desautels at Butler did a great training: https://www.edutopia.org/profile/lori-desautels http://revelationineducation.com/?p=1715
• Dr. Nadine Burke Harris (featured in the this YouTube video) wrote a book, The Deepest Well. The Kindle edition is currently on sale for $1.99.  I read it as soon as it came out. I LOVE the book!
• Trauma Informed Schools and ACES (Adverse Childhood Experiences): Counselor Talk FB responses  and additional Counselor Talk responses from April 2018

RESOURCES

• The Missouri Model: A Developmental Framework for Trauma-Informed Schools

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• Introduction to Trauma webinar, University of Missouri, St. Louis (UMSL) & Missouri Institute of Mental Health
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• Child Trauma Toolkit for Educators
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• Talking to Children About Violence-Tips for Parents and Teachers 
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• The Ant Hill Disaster by Julia Cook
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• Dr. Laurie Desautels has created a moodle about trauma-informed schools; Dr. Desautels is a foremost expert on this topic.   This webinar is free at http://moodle.doe.in.gov/ You will need the enrollment key counselor.  Here is her Brain-Aligned Strategies resource. 
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• “The Deepest Well” by Dr. Nadine Burke Harris (2018)
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• ED Talks: Mark Sander, Trauma-Informed Classroom (YouTube video) 
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• Beyond Consequences Institute, Heather T. Forbes, LCSW
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• Guidance for Trauma Screening in Schools
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• Book:  Help for Billy by Heather T. Forbes (available on Amazon.com–study guide also available)
• Book:  The Whole-Brain Child by Daniel J. Siegel and Tina Payne Bryson (available on amazon.com)
• Book:  10 Steps to Create a Trauma Informed School by Caelan Soma and Derek Allen.  (available on amazon.com and through IYI library)
• Book:  The Trauma Informed School:  A Step by Step Implementation Guide…” by Jim Sporleder and Heather T. Forbes (available on amazon.com and through the IYI Library)
• Video:  “Paper Tigers” (available for viewing on amazon.com and youtube.com for a fee or buy/rent through https://kpjrfilms.co/paper-tigers/buy-the-film/)
• Paper Tigers Facilitator’s Discussion Guide:  https://3pf92a428h7y2o2e1d3olqk2-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/PT-Facilitation-guide_FNL-1.pdf
• Article:  “Childhood Stress Leaves Lasting Marks on Genes” by Chris Barncard:  https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-07-childhood-stress-genes.html
• Article:  “Teaching Trauma in the Classroom” by Heather T. Forbes:  http://www.heathertforbes.com/articles/TeachingTraumaInTheClassroom.pdf?mc_cid=7805ea5dcf&mc_eid=a5f15027f8
• Article:  “The Language of Trauma” by Heather T. Forbes:  http://www.heathertforbes.com/articles/TheLanguageOfTrauma.pdf?mc_cid=7805ea5dcf&mc_eid=a5f15027f8
• Article:  “The Relentless School Nurse:  Parenting with High ACEs–Voices of Expertise” by Robin M. Cogan:  https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/the-relentless-school-nurse-parenting-with-high-aces-voices-of-lived-expertise
• Article:  “Toxic Stress  on Children Can Harm their Lifelong Learning, Mental, and Physical Health” by Jayne O’Donnell:  https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/10/05/toxic-stress-adverse-childhood-experiences-aces-lifelong-mental-physical-health/1358220002/
• Video:  “$100 to the Winner of the Race”:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwx5IvypC5Q
• Video:  “The Things We Carry” by Center for Youth Wellness:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngYnzNArGyo
• Article:  “Middle School Tackles Everybody’s Trauma…” by Laurie Udesky:  https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/a-middle-school-learns-dealing-with-trauma-drives-down-suspensions
• Article:  “The Sanctuary Model of Trauma-Informed Organizational Change” by Sandra L. Bloom and Sarah Yanosy Sreehar:  http://www.sanctuaryweb.com/Portals/0/Bloom%20Pubs/2008%20Bloom%20and%20Yanosy%20Sanctuary%20Model%20of%20TIC.pdf
• Website for UCSF HEART Program for Trauma-Informed Schools:  http://hearts.ucsf.edu/
• Article:  “Trauma Responsive Schools Must Be the New Gold Standard in Education”:  http://healthmediapolicy.com/2018/05/16/trauma-responsive-schools-must-be-the-new-gold-standard-in-education/
• Article:  “If Teachers Aren’t Equipped to Help Trauma Victims, Students Suffer:  Learn from my Story” by Candance Hines:  https://www.chalkbeat.org/posts/tn/2018/06/08/if-teachers-arent-equipped-to-help-trauma-victims-students-suffer-learn-from-my-story/
• Website:  RULER (a SEL program from Yale University):  http://ei.yale.edu/ruler/ruler-overview/
• Article:  “A New Approach” by Annie Goeller (Trust-Based Relational Intervention program in Center Grove schools):  http://www.dailyjournal.net/2018/07/28/a_new_approach/
• Website:  Trust-Based Relational Intervention (TBRI):  https://child.tcu.edu/about-us/tbri/#sthash.pe7DhThF.agfRH27a.dpbs
• Article:  “A Public School that not only Keeps Children Safe, but Heals” by Suzanne Bohan:  https://nonprofitquarterly.org/2018/08/03/a-public-school-that-not-only-keeps-children-safe-but-heals/
• Article:  “Five Ways to Support Students Affected by Trauma” by Lea Waters and Tom Brunzell:  https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/five_ways_to_support_students_affected_by_trauma
• Article:  “The Trauma-Informed Teacher–Silent Front Line”:  http://www.ransomforisrael.com/the-trauma-informed-teacher-silent-front-line/
• Article with videos:  “An Inside Look at Trauma-Informed Practices” by Tom Berger:  https://www.edutopia.org/article/inside-look-trauma-informed-practices
• Article:  “When Teachers Take a Breath, Students Can Bloom” by Anya Kamenetz:  https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/08/19/488866975/when-teachers-take-a-breath-students-can-bloom
• Article:  “Against the Tide” by Emily Read Daniels:  https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/against-the-tide
• Articles by Dr. Lori Desautles (Several of Dr. Desautles articles on Edutopia can be found on this page.):  https://www.edutopia.org/profile/lori-desautels
• Article:  “Secondary Traumatic Stress for Educators:  Understanding and Mitigating the Effects”:  https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52281/secondary-traumatic-stress-for-educators-understanding-and-mitigating-the-effects
• Article:  “Elementary School in Berkshires Revamps Culture with Trauma in Mind” by Karen Brown:  https://www.nepr.net/post/elementary-school-berkshires-revamps-culture-trauma-mind#stream/0
• Article:  “How to Build a Trauma-Sensitive Classroom where All Learners Feel Safe”:  https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52566/how-to-build-a-trauma-sensitive-classroom-where-all-learners-feel-safe
• Free online book:  Helping Traumatized Children Learn:  https://traumasensitiveschools.org/tlpi-publications/download-a-free-copy-of-helping-traumatized-children-learn/
• Video:  “Understanding Trauma:  Learning Brain vs Survival Brain”:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KoqaUANGvpA&feature=youtu.be
• Video:  more on ACEs (accompanies “Paper Tigers”):  https://kpjrfilms.co/resilience/bonus-content/
• Article:  “The Greatest Study Never Told” (about ACEs):  https://attachmentdisorderhealing.com/the-greatest-study-never-told/
• Article: ” These Two Brains Both Belong to Three-Years-Old, so Why Is One so much Bigger?”:  https://www.yahoo.com/news/two-brains-both-belong-three-120608571.html
• Article:  “When Students Are Traumatized, Teachers Are Too.” by Emilina Minero:  https://www.edutopia.org/article/when-students-are-traumatized-teachers-are-too?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=socialflow
• Article:  “Why Adults Need Social and Emotional Support, too” by Matthew Portell:  http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/learning_social_emotional/2018/05/why_adults_need_social_and_emotional_support_too.html
• Article:  “Inside the Bruce Perry Show” by Christie Renick:  https://chronicleofsocialchange.org/news-2/inside-the-bruce-perry-show/30963
• Article: “It’s All about Receptors, Baby!” (effects of cortisol) by Louise Godbold:  https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/it-s-all-about-the-receptors-baby
• Article:  “Reaching Students with Emotional Disturbances” by Dr. Lori Desautles:  https://www.edutopia.org/article/reaching-students-emotional-disturbances-lori-desautels?utm_medium=socialflow&utm_source=facebook
• Video:  Nadine Burke Harris “How Childhood Trauma Affects Health across a Lifetime” (TED talk):  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95ovIJ3dsNk
• Video:  “InBrief:  The Science of Neglect”:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bF3j5UVCSCA
• Article:  “Treating Childhood Trauma”  (Oprah story) (video available on CBS acess):  https://www.cbsnews.com/news/oprah-winfrey-treating-childhood-trauma/
• Article:  “Understanding and Working with the Window of Tolerance”:  https://www.attachment-and-trauma-treatment-centre-for-healing.com/blogs/understanding-and-working-with-the-window-of-tolerance
• Article: “Adverse Childhood Experiences”:  https://www.samhsa.gov/capt/practicing-effective-prevention/prevention-behavioral-health/adverse-childhood-experiences
• Websiste:  TLC/Starr Global Training (resources for training on trauma and trauma-informed schools):  https://www.starr.org/training/tlc
• Article:  “10 Things about Childhood Trauma Every Teacher Should Know”:  https://www.weareteachers.com/10-things-about-childhood-trauma-every-teacher-needs-to-know/
• Article:  “How to Support (Someone Like Me) who Has Experienced Trauma” by Louise Godbold:  https://www.acesconnection.com/blog/how-to-support-someone-like-me-who-has-experienced-trauma
• Image:  “Child’s Needs Are on an Iceberg”:  https://parentingfromscratch.wordpress.com/2014/08/11/behavior-is-an-iceberg/
• Article:  “Long-Term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect” by Children’s Bureau:  https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubpdfs/long_term_consequences.pdf
• Website and e-newsletter:  https://www.acesconnection.com  Lots of information and you can also sign up for a daily e-newsletter that is excellent.
• Video:  “Jim Sporleder on Paper Tigers”:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BofLj9l7S0&t=130s
• Butler University offers an applied educational neuroscience certificate, which involves completing three classes.  Or you can take one or two classes separately, one of which is on trauma.  https://www.butler.edu/coe/applied-educational-neuroscience
• Book:  Eyes Are Never Quiet by Lori Desautles and Michael McKnight.  (available on amazon.com and Barnes and Noble)
• Article:  “Teaching Students How to Deal with Stress” by Dr. Lori Desautles:  https://www.edutopia.org/article/teaching-students-how-deal-stress
• Article:  “5 Ways to Help Students Deal with Trauma” by Dr. Lori Desautles:  https://www.edutopia.org/article/5-ways-help-students-trauma-lori-desautels
• Article:  “7 Ways to Calm a Young Brain in Trauma”  by Dr. Lori Desautles:  https://www.edutopia.org/article/7-ways-calm-young-brain-trauma-lori-desautels
• Article:  “Brains in Pain Cannot Learn” by Dr. Lori Desautles:  https://www.edutopia.org/blog/brains-in-pain-cannot-learn-lori-desautels
• Article:  “Identifying Signs of Stress in Young Children and Teens” by APA:  https://www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress-children.aspx
• Article:  “Maltreatment and the Developing Child” by Bruce Perry:  http://www.lfcc.on.ca/mccain/perry.pdf
• Book:  The Boy who Was Raised as a Dog by Bruce Perry.  (available on amazon.com)
• Book:  Childhood Disrupted by Donna Jackson Nakazawa (available on amazon.com)
• Book:  The Body Keeps the Score by Bessel van der Kolk (available on amazon.com)
• Article:  “Learning from Elementary Teachers” by Sherine Aboelezz:  https://www.edutopia.org/article/learning-elementary-teachers?utm_source=Edutopia+Newsletter&utm_campaign=93e012c153-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_010919_enews_aproactiveapp&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_f72e8cc8c4-93e012c153-85099175

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This post was created by Trudi Wolfe on August 7, 2016.